The rise of spinal issues among children growing up in the digital era

In today’s world, digital tools have become essential for daily living. Even toddlers and children use devices, including mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and computer systems, for entertainment and educational purposes: this is nearly unavoidable. Regular physical activities and games for children have, in many cases, been replaced with video games and watching content on social media platforms. Various studies show that these habits affect the brain development of children and also have a significant impact on their physical well-being.

Understanding the spine​

In children, the spine is constantly developing, and good development is crucial for a healthy future. The position of a user leaning forward to observe their mobile phone, which causes a misalignment of their neck and spine, is termed ‘Tech Neck’. Children who spend hours hunched over tablets or mobile phones may have a misalignment of their spine, which means the positions of their necks and shoulders are compromised.

The neck is extremely vulnerable. Neck and shoulder stress is induced, because an average human head weighs 4-5kg, and when the person bends forward for a long time, all the weight is put on the neck, resulting in tremendous pain and stress on the muscles. When children hold this position for a long time, it is likely to cause a lot of stress on the neck. This position can cause headaches and stiffness, restrict the flow of blood, and may result in longer-term health complications.

Poor posture and health

Poor posture can have a number of effects on health. These include: constant neck pain and stiffness of muscles and ligaments surrounding the spine; a change in the sitting posture, wherein children lean forward while sitting; difficulties in maintaining an upright posture while standing and a round neck or a hunched posture, apart from stiffness and spinal stress.

It is important to maintain healthy postures or habits when using technology in order to decrease the chances of misalignment of the spine or shoulders, as well as stiffness in muscles, and to decrease the likelihood of long-term health issues. While it is not often discussed, people should be aware that good posture is very important to maximise lung function; children should be encouraged to practice deep breathing. Good posture in children also helps children focus and concentrate during their learning; it helps them engage in activities, resulting in improved confidence and overall mood.

Preventing spinal problems

The first precaution, and the most important, is to limit screen time in children: it is vital that parents not allow children to use their phones for hours. It is also essential for a form of physical activity such as stretching and yoga, to be incorporated into children’s routines.

Children should also be taught about proper posture, which is a straight back, relaxed shoulders, and the head in line with the spine when using a phone. The device should be at eye level to avoid leaning forward and causing strain in the neck.

Comfortable chairs, using a pillow, and a proper backrest to maintain good posture to avoid rounding of shoulders and spine misalignment is necessary. Children who rely heavily on digital tools for education should take frequent breaks every 20-30 minutes. This will help to develop these limits more seamlessly by assisting with blood circulation and reducing feelings of stiffness.

Addressing spinal problems ​

​A great way to reduce neck pain or alignment problems with your spine is to reduce neck muscle tension, relax the muscles that facilitate tension, and promote blood flow. In chronic cases of neck pain, management approaches would mainly consist of several different postural correction activities, neck specific exercises to stabilise the region’s muscles and ligaments, and the use soft tissue techniques and acupuncture approaches to reduce inflammation in the neck.

While it may not be possible to stop using electronic devices, good habits with devices and good posture can help prevent physical pain and preserve long-term health. It is also vital to deal with spinal issues and consult a physician before they become a significant health concern.

(Dr. Paneendra S. is an orthopaedic surgeon with Apollo Spectra Hospital, Bangalore. drpaneendra@gmail.com)

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